الموضوع: ريبورتات القياسات

السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

إزيكم يا بشمهندسين الإتصالات

كلنا طبعا عارفين الورطه بتاعة ريبورتات القياسات اللى إحنا إتحطينا فيها مع الكتور عبدالعزيز

ياريت كل اللى يلاقى حاجه تخص الريبورتات يحطها هنا أو حتى يحط لنك للموقع اللى جابها منها عشان ننجز فى الحوار ده



أنا هحطلكم ملفات كده كنت لقيتها ولو لقيت حاجه تانيه هحطها

Traditional ac Measurement Methods

Errors

[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

Statistical methods for the treatment of experimental data
[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

Least Square Method<!--webbot bot="Navigation" i-checksum="50831" endspan -->
[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

Electrical Bridges
[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

Measurement Error
[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

[ الروابط مخفية ; يجب إضافة رد لرؤيتها ]

<div dir=ltr align=left>


Random error

When you measure a volume or weight, you observe a reading on a scale of some kind, such as the one illustrated just above. Scales, by their very nature, are limited to fixed increments of value, indicated by the division marks. The actual quantities we are measuring, in contrast, can vary continuously, so there is an inherent limitation in how finely we can discriminate between two values that fall between the marked divisions of the measuring scale. The same problem remains if we substitute an instrument with a digital display; there will always be some point at which some value that lies between the two smallest divisions must arbitrarily toggle between two numbers on the readout display. This introduces an element of randomness into the value we observe, even if the "true" value remains unchanged.
The more sensitive the measuring instrument, the less likely it is that two successive measurements of the same sample will yield identical results. In the example we discussed above, distinguishing between the values 134.8 and 134.9 may be too difficult to do in a consistent way, so two independent observers may record different values even when viewing the same reading. Each measurement is also influenced by a myriad of minor events, such as building vibrations, electrical fluctuations, motions of the air, and friction in any moving parts of the instrument. These tiny influences consititute a kind of "noise" that also has a random character. Whether we are conscious of it or not, all measured values contain an element of random error.

Systematic error
Suppose that you weigh yourself on a bathroom scale, not noticing that the dial reads “1.5 kg” even before you have placed your weight on it. Similarly, you might use an old ruler with a worn-down end to measure the length of a piece of wood. In both of these examples, all subsequent measurements, either of the same object or of different ones, will be off by a constant amount. Unlike random error, which is impossible to eliminate, these <DFN>systematic errors</DFN> are usually quite easy to avoid or compensate for, but only by a conscious effort in the conduct of the observation, usually by proper zeroing and calibration of the measuring instrument. However, once systematic error has found its way into the data, it is can be very hard to detect.



</div>

Accuracy refers to how closely the measured value of a quantity corresponds to its “true” value

الف مليون شكر يا بشمهندس
بجد ميرسى ليك

Thank you khashabawy

شكرااااااااااااااااااااااا يا خشباوى
ربنا يكرمك يااااااااااااااااااااااااا رب

متشكرين علي مروركم و ردودكم

و ربنا يكرمكم و يكرمنا جميعا

شكررررررررررررررررررررررا

على العموم شـــــــــــــــــــكرااا